淺談建筑施工企業的安(an)全管理(li)

西安分公司(si)經理  胡家豪

    安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產是建筑(zhu)施工企(qi)業在生產經營活動中(zhong)的一項必不(bu)可少的重要工作，一定程度上(shang)它決定企(qi)業的發展命運。良好的安(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)，可以給(gei)企(qi)業帶(dai)來(lai)社會(hui)信譽和經濟效(xiao)益，同時(shi)也會(hui)使國(guo)家和集體財產免(mian)遭損(sun)失，職工生命安(an)全(quan)(quan)也能得到切(qie)實保障。

    一(yi)、抓制度建(jian)設，落實(shi)安全生產責任制

    雖(sui)然我們一(yi)直在強(qiang)調建筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，但是(shi)建筑工(gong)(gong)程的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)事故(gu)還(huan)是(shi)經(jing)(jing)常發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。為(wei)了做好安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，我們分公(gong)司(si)成(cheng)立(li)(li)了以分公(gong)司(si)經(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)為(wei)組(zu)長(chang)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)職能(neng)部(bu)門負責人為(wei)組(zu)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)“分公(gong)司(si)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)小(xiao)組(zu)”；各(ge)(ge)(ge)項(xiang)目部(bu)成(cheng)立(li)(li)以項(xiang)目經(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)為(wei)組(zu)長(chang)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)班組(zu)長(chang)為(wei)組(zu)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)“項(xiang)目部(bu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)小(xiao)組(zu)”。建立(li)(li)各(ge)(ge)(ge)級安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)責任制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，包括(kuo)經(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)副經(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)、技術(shu)負責人、質安(an)(an)科(ke)、工(gong)(gong)程師室、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營科(ke)、辦公(gong)室等的(de)各(ge)(ge)(ge)級安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)責任制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；項(xiang)目部(bu)建立(li)(li)包括(kuo)項(xiang)目經(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)、項(xiang)目技術(shu)負責人、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)員(yuan)(yuan)、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)員(yuan)(yuan)、班組(zu)長(chang)、作業人員(yuan)(yuan)、電工(gong)(gong)、機械(xie)工(gong)(gong)等各(ge)(ge)(ge)級安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)責任制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。項(xiang)目經(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)為(wei)項(xiang)目部(bu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)第一(yi)責任人。將安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)責任制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層層落(luo)實，并制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)教育(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)技術(shu)交底制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、檢查制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、獎(jiang)罰制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，明確各(ge)(ge)(ge)自的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)考核指標，由此(ci)建立(li)(li)橫到邊、縱到底，專管(guan)(guan)成(cheng)線(xian)、群管(guan)(guan)成(cheng)網(wang)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體系，形成(cheng)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)員(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)格局(ju)。

    為了保(bao)證安全(quan)(quan)目標職(zhi)責(ze)的(de)順(shun)利(li)(li)實(shi)現(xian)，公司制定了《安全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產考核(he)獎(jiang)懲(cheng)辦法》、《施工(gong)現(xian)場違反安全(quan)(quan)操作(zuo)(zuo)規范罰款條例》、《施工(gong)現(xian)場文明(ming)施工(gong)獎(jiang)罰條例》、《工(gong)程質量和(he)安全(quan)(quan)獎(jiang)罰暫行規定》等(deng)等(deng)。使企業(ye)的(de)安全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產與職(zhi)工(gong)每個人的(de)利(li)(li)益、榮譽緊密地聯系在一(yi)起，促(cu)進(jin)安全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)順(shun)利(li)(li)實(shi)現(xian)。

    二、抓全(quan)員教育(yu)，提高安全(quan)生產意識

    公司(si)經常組織各項(xiang)目管理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)及一線人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)學習安(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產政(zheng)策和(he)法(fa)律法(fa)規，每月(yue)召開安(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產例會，教育每個員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)深刻領會安(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產的(de)重要性和(he)嚴肅性；同時認真(zhen)落實各項(xiang)目部的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)技術(shu)交底(di)制度、安(an)全(quan)(quan)專項(xiang)設(she)計、安(an)全(quan)(quan)技術(shu)方案(an)和(he)專項(xiang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)措(cuo)施，保證安(an)全(quan)(quan)教育普(pu)及到企業、施工(gong)現場的(de)每一位員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)。

    要求每個員(yuan)工自覺遵(zun)守工作(zuo)紀(ji)律(lv)和安全(quan)操(cao)作(zuo)規(gui)程，達到“我(wo)懂安全(quan)，我(wo)要安全(quan)，從我(wo)做起，保證安全(quan)”的目(mu)的。項(xiang)目(mu)部所有員(yuan)工都(dou)經過嚴格的安全(quan)教育和培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)，新進企業員(yuan)工必須掌握必要的安全(quan)知識和安全(quan)技術，經過培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)后參加考試(shi)，考試(shi)合格后方可(ke)上崗，不(bu)合格再(zai)繼(ji)續學習(xi)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)，直到合格為(wei)止。最大限度地提高了安全(quan)系數(shu)，為(wei)防止安全(quan)事故提供了有力保障。

    三(san)、通過加大對安全生產(chan)(chan)管理人(ren)員、安全防范措施的資金投(tou)入(ru)，為安全生產(chan)(chan)提供保障(zhang)。

    1、在(zai)個(ge)人防護(hu)方面，各部門應(ying)足夠重視，給(gei)(gei)進入施工現場的所有人員(yuan)配備安全帽，給(gei)(gei)高處作(zuo)業人員(yuan)配安全帶，并強(qiang)制有關人員(yuan)嚴格按(an)規范要求佩(pei)戴。對(dui)違反(fan)者一經發現立刻予以制止，耐心(xin)教育并嚴格按(an)章處理，促(cu)使(shi)廣大員(yuan)工自覺使(shi)用防護(hu)措施。

    2、在設(she)(she)備(bei)機具的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)和維修管理方面，嚴(yan)格設(she)(she)備(bei)進場的(de)(de)性(xing)能檢查，嚴(yan)抓(zhua)安(an)裝就(jiu)位后的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)調試，并建立(li)設(she)(she)備(bei)卡及時記錄使用過程的(de)(de)故障、維修、保(bao)養情況，以(yi)保(bao)障施工設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)正常運(yun)轉(zhuan)。

    3、在消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防方面強(qiang)化管理，確保防火(huo)安(an)全。為貫徹“安(an)全就是(shi)效(xiao)益”的思想，企業領(ling)導應(ying)嚴(yan)格按(an)照(zhao)有關消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防管理條(tiao)例的要求配備消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防器材和(he)設施，根據各項目部(bu)具體情況(kuang)，要求消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防系統配置完(wan)善(shan)、消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防通(tong)道(dao)暢通(tong)，特別是(shi)宿(su)舍、倉(cang)庫、腳手架、模板堆(dui)場和(he)易燃易爆物品臨時存放點(dian)等重點(dian)監控部(bu)位(wei)，努(nu)力將火(huo)險隱患消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)滅在萌芽(ya)之中。現場在安(an)全區域開(kai)設專(zhuan)門的吸煙點(dian)，配有專(zhuan)用水桶(tong)，嚴(yan)禁在非吸煙點(dian)吸煙，并嚴(yan)格獎罰制度(du)。

    4、在臨(lin)時用電方面，由(you)于施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)場(chang)(chang)地的(de)不斷變(bian)換以及(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)階段(duan)的(de)變(bian)化，導致施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)用電線路鋪(pu)設工(gong)(gong)作量(liang)巨大。公司要(yao)求各項目部嚴(yan)格執行建設部《施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)臨(lin)時用電安(an)(an)全(quan)技術規范》的(de)要(yao)求，做好臨(lin)電的(de)鋪(pu)設、管理(li)工(gong)(gong)作。在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)及(ji)臨(lin)設范圍(wei)設置(zhi)防(fang)雷(lei)系統(tong)，保(bao)證雷(lei)雨季(ji)節施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)作業及(ji)居住環境的(de)防(fang)雷(lei)安(an)(an)全(quan)。

    四、抓檢查、除隱患，加大安全整改措施

    結(jie)合(he)本企業實際情況，制訂相關(guan)的防護措施，重(zhong)(zhong)點抓好落實安(an)全(quan)生產責(ze)任(ren)制和(he)安(an)全(quan)防護，對重(zhong)(zhong)點項目、重(zhong)(zhong)點部位(wei)實行重(zhong)(zhong)點檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)，危(wei)險部位(wei)反(fan)復(fu)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)。著(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)查(cha)(cha)制度、查(cha)(cha)違(wei)章(zhang)、查(cha)(cha)隱患。通(tong)過不斷檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)、督促、整(zheng)改和(he)落實，嚴(yan)查(cha)(cha)密檢(jian)，確保人人、處(chu)(chu)處(chu)(chu)、時(shi)時(shi)處(chu)(chu)于(yu)安(an)全(quan)良好狀(zhuang)況，預防事故的發(fa)生。一旦發(fa)現問(wen)題(ti)，則一查(cha)(cha)到底，按章(zhang)處(chu)(chu)罰(fa)并勒令整(zheng)改，決不手軟和(he)姑息。整(zheng)改通(tong)知書明確規(gui)定整(zheng)改的完成時(shi)間，整(zheng)改責(ze)任(ren)部門要簽(qian)署整(zheng)改完成情況和(he)時(shi)間，由安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理部門或安(an)全(quan)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)人核實整(zheng)改情況后(hou)確認，才能(neng)關(guan)閉檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)不合(he)格項。

    五、抓專(zhuan)項整治，加大安全檢(jian)查力度

    根據上級(ji)部門的(de)有(you)關文(wen)件精神，結合本公司實際情(qing)況，廣泛開(kai)展專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)項(xiang)整治(zhi)。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)堅決杜絕竹腳手(shou)架(jia)。按要(yao)求全(quan)部采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)扣件式鋼管(guan)腳手(shou)架(jia)。二是(shi)(shi)垂直運輸機械(xie)(xie)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)項(xiang)整治(zhi)。重(zhong)(zhong)點對(dui)塔吊、物料(liao)提升機和(he)外(wai)(wai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)梯運行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)的(de)違(wei)(wei)章指(zhi)揮和(he)違(wei)(wei)章操作，確立了起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機械(xie)(xie)安裝申報制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度、安裝后的(de)登記備(bei)案(an)(an)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度、強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)安裝檢驗制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度和(he)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機械(xie)(xie)報廢制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，堅決淘汰建(jian)設(she)(she)部已(yi)明(ming)令禁(jin)止使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機械(xie)(xie)。三(san)是(shi)(shi)高處作業(ye)防護(hu)(hu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)項(xiang)整治(zhi)。重(zhong)(zhong)點審核各外(wai)(wai)腳手(shou)架(jia)的(de)搭設(she)(she)和(he)密目安全(quan)網的(de)掛設(she)(she)。建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程施工(gong)階(jie)段(duan)，高空、立體、交叉(cha)作業(ye)施工(gong)繁多，安全(quan)防護(hu)(hu)主要(yao)以(yi)“三(san)寶、四口(kou)(kou)、五(wu)臨邊”為重(zhong)(zhong)點，對(dui)樓(lou)梯口(kou)(kou)、進(jin)出口(kou)(kou)、洞口(kou)(kou)、井口(kou)(kou)和(he)預留(liu)管(guan)道口(kou)(kou)、井字(zi)架(jia)的(de)進(jin)出料(liao)口(kou)(kou)等進(jin)行(xing)(xing)嚴(yan)格圍蔽保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，建(jian)筑(zhu)物外(wai)(wai)圍進(jin)行(xing)(xing)全(quan)封閉保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，拉(la)掛合格安全(quan)網，設(she)(she)置警示安全(quan)標志牌。四是(shi)(shi)施工(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)項(xiang)整治(zhi)。臨時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)針對(dui)不同施工(gong)階(jie)段(duan)和(he)不同專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)特點，均要(yao)求編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)項(xiang)設(she)(she)計方案(an)(an)，堅持做到三(san)級(ji)配電(dian)，兩級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。電(dian)箱(xiang)實行(xing)(xing)“一(yi)(yi)機一(yi)(yi)閘一(yi)(yi)箱(xiang)一(yi)(yi)漏電(dian)”，照明(ming)、動力分別設(she)(she)置，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)TN-S接零保(bao)護(hu)(hu)系統，認真建(jian)立臨時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)檔案(an)(an)。五(wu)是(shi)(shi)基(ji)坑(keng)支護(hu)(hu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)項(xiang)整治(zhi)。將深基(ji)坑(keng)施工(gong)作為重(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)之(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)。六是(shi)(shi)對(dui)建(jian)筑(zhu)施工(gong)鋼管(guan)、扣件的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)項(xiang)整治(zhi)，建(jian)筑(zhu)施工(gong)禁(jin)止使用(yong)(yong)(yong)不合格鋼管(guan)、扣件；新購進(jin)鋼管(guan)、扣件一(yi)(yi)律實行(xing)(xing)備(bei)案(an)(an)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度。

    六、抓安技人員的責(ze)權(quan)利(li)，提高其(qi)監管地(di)位

    企業(ye)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管理水平(ping)的(de)(de)高低，取決于領導(dao)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)思路(lu)和安(an)(an)技人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)素質、工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)作(zuo)風。第(di)一，為(wei)安(an)(an)技人(ren)(ren)員創造(zao)一個良好(hao)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)環境，最大限度地發揮他們(men)(men)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。編制各級安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生產(chan)責任(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)花名冊(ce)，設置(zhi)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)技術科，配(pei)備(bei)專兼職(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)員。選配(pei)身體健康、有較強責任(ren)(ren)心(xin)、敢于管理、有豐(feng)富(fu)生產(chan)實踐經驗的(de)(de)同志擔任(ren)(ren)主要(yao)崗位(wei)，以文件形式(shi)公布任(ren)(ren)命，保證安(an)(an)技人(ren)(ren)員在(zai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中的(de)(de)權(quan)威性和穩(wen)定性。第(di)二，考(kao)慮(lv)到安(an)(an)技人(ren)(ren)員繁重(zhong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)內容和肩負的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)使命，企業(ye)領導(dao)堅(jian)決支持(chi)并認可他們(men)(men)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業(ye)績，在(zai)住房、職(zhi)(zhi)稱、工(gong)(gong)資待遇、評先(xian)獎優等職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)切身利益方面給予(yu)盡可能多的(de)(de)照顧，使安(an)(an)技人(ren)(ren)員工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)起來更有責任(ren)(ren)心(xin)和積極性，把大部分時間和精(jing)力投入到生產(chan)一線，幫助現場解決安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)實際問題(ti)，更好(hao)地發揮安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)把關作(zuo)用(yong)，為(wei)企業(ye)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生產(chan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)取得優異成(cheng)績做出更多的(de)(de)貢獻。