□ 許咸生

    技(ji)術(shu)復核是工程(cheng)(cheng)管理和(he)技(ji)術(shu)管理的(de)重要(yao)組成(cheng)部(bu)分，質(zhi)量(liang)檢查(cha)是上述管理中的(de)重要(yao)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)。企業(ye)管理中經營業(ye)務是以企業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)管理為后盾的(de)，技(ji)術(shu)復核是工程(cheng)(cheng)管理中的(de)重要(yao)一環(huan)(huan)(huan)，質(zhi)量(liang)檢查(cha)是技(ji)術(shu)復核中的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)，環(huan)(huan)(huan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)相(xiang)扣，環(huan)(huan)(huan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)相(xiang)約，缺一不可(ke)。

    技術(shu)管(guan)理范圍較(jiao)廣，內容較(jiao)多(duo)，復(fu)雜(za)程(cheng)(cheng)度各異，技術(shu)復(fu)核工作(zuo)均(jun)涉及工程(cheng)(cheng)技術(shu)管(guan)理人員層面。工程(cheng)(cheng)從開(kai)工到竣工驗(yan)收的整個(ge)(ge)過程(cheng)(cheng)，每個(ge)(ge)階段都離不開(kai)技術(shu)復(fu)核和質量檢(jian)評。認真負責地做好技術(shu)復(fu)核工作(zuo)，首先(xian)要有責任心(xin)，其次(ci)要有扎(zha)實的理論基礎(chu)知(zhi)識，再次(ci)要具備(bei)一(yi)定的實踐經驗(yan)。三方面不可偏廢，也是衡量工程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理、技術(shu)人員的技術(shu)水準。現階段有待(dai)加強和提高(gao)。

    一、加強責任心，提高管理(li)水平

    做什么工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)都(dou)應(ying)具備責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)感(gan)(gan)和使命感(gan)(gan)，沒有(you)(you)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)感(gan)(gan)，所做的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)都(dou)將前功(gong)殆盡；沒有(you)(you)使命感(gan)(gan)將隨大流無(wu)所事事。在(zai)近(jin)年工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)中(zhong)，出(chu)(chu)(chu)現的(de)問題很(hen)多是由于(yu)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)心不(bu)強(qiang)，隨波逐(zhu)流而造(zao)成的(de)質(zhi)量或安(an)全事故。開工(gong)(gong)前不(bu)專心審閱圖(tu)紙，在(zai)圖(tu)紙會審中(zhong)，提(ti)不(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)問題（并非圖(tu)紙無(wu)缺陷），而在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)藍圖(tu)中(zhong)，尺(chi)寸誤(wu)(wu)差、標高誤(wu)(wu)差或前后(hou)矛盾(dun)時(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現，不(bu)去深究，任(ren)(ren)(ren)憑自我認(ren)知。當在(zai)放(fang)線(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi)，發現軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)偏差卻為時(shi)(shi)已晚。近(jin)期在(zai)某一(yi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)打樁放(fang)線(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi)，誤(wu)(wu)將輔軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)當作(zuo)主軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)，軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)偏差900毫米。這(zhe)一(yi)失(shi)誤(wu)(wu)，是無(wu)法原(yuan)諒的(de)。應(ying)算(suan)是重大事故，雖然(ran)經過補(bu)樁，但既影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進度，又影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量，造(zao)成不(bu)應(ying)有(you)(you)的(de)經濟(ji)損失(shi)。這(zhe)一(yi)問題的(de)發生，凸現管(guan)理(li)人員缺乏責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)心，有(you)(you)待加強(qiang)和改善。

    二、缺乏較(jiao)扎實的理論基礎知識

    工(gong)程技(ji)(ji)術(shu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，首先要(yao)熟知(zhi)國家(jia)現行施(shi)工(gong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)、規(gui)(gui)(gui)程、質量驗評標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和相關(guan)的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)程、標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。綜合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)論知(zhi)識(shi)是解決(jue)問題(ti)和處理(li)(li)(li)(li)問題(ti)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)。同時，還(huan)應(ying)熟當地有(you)關(guan)建筑行業的(de)(de)有(you)關(guan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定。這(zhe)是施(shi)工(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和技(ji)(ji)術(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)必須(xu)具備的(de)(de)前(qian)提。沒有(you)一定的(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)(li)論知(zhi)識(shi)，要(yao)解決(jue)或解釋(shi)較為重大的(de)(de)質量問題(ti)是不可想象的(de)(de)。企(qi)業在(zai)擴(kuo)大，用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)擴(kuo)編，企(qi)業在(zai)發展，外聘(pin)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)時有(you)安生。在(zai)聘(pin)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)時，應(ying)把基(ji)礎(chu)知(zhi)識(shi)作為考察用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)重要(yao)指標(biao)(biao)，廣(guang)廈(sha)集團、廣(guang)宏建設(she)都(dou)頒發過(guo)《技(ji)(ji)術(shu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)》，使用(yong)(yong)都(dou)不廣(guang)泛，管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，聘(pin)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)甚至還(huan)不清(qing)楚(chu)有(you)該技(ji)(ji)術(shu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。在(zai)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)操作上，有(you)關(guan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)難免帶有(you)隨意性。應(ying)注重基(ji)礎(chu)知(zhi)識(shi)，了(le)解企(qi)業有(you)關(guan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)章制度，并應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于實(shi)(shi)際(ji)工(gong)作中。

    三、要(yao)有實(shi)踐(jian)經驗人員把住技術關(guan)

    在(zai)建(jian)設施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)全(quan)過(guo)程中，還(huan)應(ying)有(you)一(yi)定實(shi)踐經(jing)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)員(yuan)(yuan)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)員(yuan)(yuan)（總施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)）、資料員(yuan)(yuan)、預算員(yuan)(yuan)等等。一(yi)個施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)(yuan)連看圖紙(zhi)都似懂非懂，又不懂不知國家規(gui)范、規(gui)程、質(zhi)量標準，僅憑有(you)單(dan)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經(jing)歷(li)，缺少(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程管(guan)理經(jing)驗(yan)(yan)或施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經(jing)驗(yan)(yan)，甚至連施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程序(xu)(xu)都不完(wan)全(quan)清楚，就擔當施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)員(yuan)(yuan)角色，根本不能完(wan)全(quan)勝任(ren)，雖然(ran)可(ke)在(zai)實(shi)踐中學習(xi)、充(chong)實(shi)、提(ti)高，但短期內要(yao)掌握(wo)全(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理，安排好進度計劃是難(nan)以(yi)發揮主(zhu)動性(xing)和積(ji)極(ji)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)。前面例舉樁位軸線(xian)誤差，應(ying)引(yin)起人們的(de)(de)(de)深思(si)和引(yin)以(yi)為戒。在(zai)查實(shi)問題(ti)過(guo)程中缺少(shao)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)把關和復(fu)核(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)。技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)復(fu)核(he)是檢驗(yan)(yan)上道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)完(wan)整性(xing)，“上道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)為下道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)負責”的(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)或要(yao)求是經(jing)驗(yan)(yan)總結。多道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)不同程度發現(xian)問題(ti)，只能說是人的(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)差異，是主(zhu)觀能動性(xing)、責任(ren)心的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，提(ti)高到原則(ze)高度分(fen)析(xi)是玩忽職(zhi)守、職(zhi)業道(dao)(dao)德(de)的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。由此聯想到，加強技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)理，加強技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)復(fu)核(he)，提(ti)高人的(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)尤為必要(yao)。

    四(si)、強化培訓意識，搞好(hao)培訓工作

    建(jian)筑(zhu)行業特點之一是人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)流(liu)動性大(da)，人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)不穩(wen)定，聘(pin)用人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)多等，其中部(bu)分人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)（含操作工(gong)人(ren)(ren)）基礎(chu)知(zhi)(zhi)識或建(jian)筑(zhu)施工(gong)知(zhi)(zhi)識缺乏，而隨(sui)著建(jian)筑(zhu)市(shi)場(chang)競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)日益激烈(lie)，企業整(zheng)體素質的高(gao)低，直(zhi)接(jie)表(biao)現(xian)在(zai)現(xian)場(chang)管(guan)理(li)和工(gong)程質量(liang)(liang)中。質量(liang)(liang)差異關系(xi)到企業在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)的競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)中的成(cheng)敗，在(zai)當前全(quan)球金融危機大(da)環(huan)境下是大(da)力培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)相關人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的有(you)利時(shi)(shi)機。培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)工(gong)作應組織有(you)理(li)論基礎(chu)和實(shi)踐經驗的技(ji)術人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)擔任(ren)教師進行授課(ke)，培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)時(shi)(shi)間按各類人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)而異，培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)科(ke)目應以(yi)(yi)施工(gong)技(ji)術、施工(gong)管(guan)理(li)為(wei)主，培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)成(cheng)果以(yi)(yi)測試為(wei)主，現(xian)場(chang)實(shi)踐為(wei)輔，以(yi)(yi)提(ti)高(gao)理(li)論基礎(chu)知(zhi)(zhi)識。在(zai)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)提(ti)高(gao)管(guan)理(li)水平的同時(shi)(shi)，對主要(yao)工(gong)種，如鋼筋、木工(gong)、架子工(gong)、瓦工(gong)（混凝土）的基本(ben)理(li)論知(zhi)(zhi)識的培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)，如：砼養(yang)護時(shi)(shi)間、重要(yao)部(bu)位拆模時(shi)(shi)間等，以(yi)(yi)及水電等專業人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)都不可忽視。

    通過一段時間的培(pei)訓，提高(gao)管理(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)的管理(li)水平(ping)，提高(gao)操(cao)作人員(yuan)(yuan)的操(cao)作技能。培(pei)訓工(gong)作的重(zhong)要性不言而喻，對(dui)(dui)企業，對(dui)(dui)項目經理(li)部，對(dui)(dui)個人均(jun)十分(fen)受益。（嘉興分(fen)公司）